Number 1. (in 2 part) January 15, 2014
Biological Sciences
1. Faina B. Shkundina, Guzel F. Gabidullina
Algae and Cyanobacteria as Biomarkers for the State of the Activated Sludge
Number of views: 1427 Download in PDF
Abstract:
The aim of this study was the identification of activated sludge algae and cyanobacteria as biomarkers for the state of the activated sludge at biological treatment plants in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. We have identified changes in dominating species complexes. We have identified 11 species at two or more treatment plants. 4 groups have been identified at biological treatment plants in the Republic of Bashkortostan: Cyanobacteria (Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Spirulina, Synechocystis); Diatoms (Cyclotella, Stephanodiscus, Diatoma, Navicula); Euglena (Euglena, Trachelomonas); the Green (Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Oocystis). Our results were compared with those of assessing the state of the activated sludge using bioestimators.
The aim of this study was the identification of activated sludge algae and cyanobacteria as biomarkers for the state of the activated sludge at biological treatment plants in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. We have identified changes in dominating species complexes. We have identified 11 species at two or more treatment plants. 4 groups have been identified at biological treatment plants in the Republic of Bashkortostan: Cyanobacteria (Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Spirulina, Synechocystis); Diatoms (Cyclotella, Stephanodiscus, Diatoma, Navicula); Euglena (Euglena, Trachelomonas); the Green (Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Oocystis). Our results were compared with those of assessing the state of the activated sludge using bioestimators.
Number of views: 1427 Download in PDF
Engineering Sciences
2. Oleg S. Kochetov
A Study into the Acoustic Characteristics of Multichamber Combined Aerodynamic Silencers
Number of views: 1404 Download in PDF
3. Sergey G. Semenov, Vyacheslav V. DavydovAbstract:
This work provides the results of a study involving activities on reducing noise through the use of multichamber combined aerodynamic silencers in industrial vacuum cleaners. The topicality of this work is associated with the fact that in using industrial vacuum cleaners noise levels prescribed by GOST 12.1.003-83 [1] are exceeded. For instance, the acoustic characteristics of T-1 and NPP-2 [7, 8] vacuum cleaners do not correspond to normative requirements at a rotational speed of n=3000 rpm and a component density of q = 0,01 pcs/m2 [1]. Note that exceeded sound pressure levels are observed mainly in high-frequency areas (1000...8000 Hz) and is about 7...10 dB. As the first version, the study tested a multichamber reactive silencer serially installed on an NPP-2 vacuum cleaner [8], and as the second version, the study tried a new multichamber silencer [13], wherein the interior is worked by a noise absorber with a thickness of 10 mm. In addition, the article presents new solutions in the way of aerodynamic silencers for extract air systems [16, 17] with augmented noise absorption by the walls of the silencer’s body.
This work provides the results of a study involving activities on reducing noise through the use of multichamber combined aerodynamic silencers in industrial vacuum cleaners. The topicality of this work is associated with the fact that in using industrial vacuum cleaners noise levels prescribed by GOST 12.1.003-83 [1] are exceeded. For instance, the acoustic characteristics of T-1 and NPP-2 [7, 8] vacuum cleaners do not correspond to normative requirements at a rotational speed of n=3000 rpm and a component density of q = 0,01 pcs/m2 [1]. Note that exceeded sound pressure levels are observed mainly in high-frequency areas (1000...8000 Hz) and is about 7...10 dB. As the first version, the study tested a multichamber reactive silencer serially installed on an NPP-2 vacuum cleaner [8], and as the second version, the study tried a new multichamber silencer [13], wherein the interior is worked by a noise absorber with a thickness of 10 mm. In addition, the article presents new solutions in the way of aerodynamic silencers for extract air systems [16, 17] with augmented noise absorption by the walls of the silencer’s body.
Number of views: 1404 Download in PDF
A Mathematical Model for Technology for Spreading Malicious Software across Heterogeneous Networks based on Markov Chains
Number of views: 1363 Download in PDF
Abstract:
This article examines existing techniques in mathematical modeling of technology for spreading malicious software across heterogeneous computer networks. The author makes a conclusion about the expediency of using the PSIDR and PSIDDR technology for new solutions. The author employs the graph technique (Markov chains) as the primary technique for mathematical modeling. Based on Markov chains, the author develops mathematical models for spreading computer viruses across heterogeneous computer networks, which are inclusive of its topological, architectural, and functional characteristics. The author has conducted comparative studies into the developed mathematical models and constructed comparative graphs for the dependency of the number of affected nodes on the functioning time of the computer system at the time the virus is being spread. The author makes a conclusion about the expediency of using the developed models in designing heterogeneous computer networks. Bibliography.: 8 items; figures: 4.
This article examines existing techniques in mathematical modeling of technology for spreading malicious software across heterogeneous computer networks. The author makes a conclusion about the expediency of using the PSIDR and PSIDDR technology for new solutions. The author employs the graph technique (Markov chains) as the primary technique for mathematical modeling. Based on Markov chains, the author develops mathematical models for spreading computer viruses across heterogeneous computer networks, which are inclusive of its topological, architectural, and functional characteristics. The author has conducted comparative studies into the developed mathematical models and constructed comparative graphs for the dependency of the number of affected nodes on the functioning time of the computer system at the time the virus is being spread. The author makes a conclusion about the expediency of using the developed models in designing heterogeneous computer networks. Bibliography.: 8 items; figures: 4.
Number of views: 1363 Download in PDF
Agricultural Sciences
4. Irina Yu. Goral'skaya, Svetlana P. Kovaleva
The Impact of Environmental Factors and Housing Methods on the State of Hemopoiesis in Ducks of Different Age Groups
Number of views: 1450 Download in PDF
Abstract:
This article provides the results of a study into the impact of environmental factors on the state of hemopoiesis in ducks under different housing methods in radioactively polluted territories. The author establishes that with age, the erythrocyte and leukocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and the monocyte percentage increase in birds. The study reveals that raising ducks without using water-bodies (the confinement housing method) can cause relative polycythemia and reduce the body’s natural resistance in the birds.
This article provides the results of a study into the impact of environmental factors on the state of hemopoiesis in ducks under different housing methods in radioactively polluted territories. The author establishes that with age, the erythrocyte and leukocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and the monocyte percentage increase in birds. The study reveals that raising ducks without using water-bodies (the confinement housing method) can cause relative polycythemia and reduce the body’s natural resistance in the birds.
Number of views: 1450 Download in PDF
Historical Sciences and archaeology
5. Sergey Belentsov
The Historical and Social-Political Context of the Actualization of the Issue of Civil Bringing-up in the Russian Pedagogy and School of the late 19th – early 20th centuries
Number of views: 1167 Download in PDF
6. Tat'yana P. KhlyninaAbstract:
This article, based on the analysis of the major works of national and foreign researchers, attempts to conduct a comprehensive and objective examination of major historiographic accomplishments on the issue of the civil bringing-up of Russia’s young students in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The author provides a characterization of the achievements and problems of modern historiography in this area, formulates author evaluative judgments and generalizing conclusions on the subject, and proposes the direction of further research into the various aspects of civil bringing-up.
This article, based on the analysis of the major works of national and foreign researchers, attempts to conduct a comprehensive and objective examination of major historiographic accomplishments on the issue of the civil bringing-up of Russia’s young students in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The author provides a characterization of the achievements and problems of modern historiography in this area, formulates author evaluative judgments and generalizing conclusions on the subject, and proposes the direction of further research into the various aspects of civil bringing-up.
Number of views: 1167 Download in PDF
“We Haven’t Come Across any Formalized Nations in the North Caucasus”: Soviet Nation-Building Practices and Their Regional Characteristics
Number of views: 1375 Download in PDF
7. Gulzhaukhar K. KokebayevaAbstract:
This article is dedicated to the analysis of Soviet nation-building practices in the North Caucasus. The author examines specific circumstances and institutional mechanisms behind the formation of North-Caucasian nations. The article accentuates the primary role played by the Soviet state in this process, its active part in resolving current social-economic and political objectives. The author stresses the regional nature of nation-building, which was manifested in the North Caucasus in the administrative-territorial instability of autonomies being created. The author makes a conclusion about the sponsored nature of the nation-building process in the region.
This article is dedicated to the analysis of Soviet nation-building practices in the North Caucasus. The author examines specific circumstances and institutional mechanisms behind the formation of North-Caucasian nations. The article accentuates the primary role played by the Soviet state in this process, its active part in resolving current social-economic and political objectives. The author stresses the regional nature of nation-building, which was manifested in the North Caucasus in the administrative-territorial instability of autonomies being created. The author makes a conclusion about the sponsored nature of the nation-building process in the region.
Number of views: 1375 Download in PDF
The Issue of Defining the International-Legal Status of Soviet Prisoners of War
Number of views: 1380 Download in PDF
Abstract:
In this article, the issue of the Great Patriotic War is concretized through the study of the history of Soviet prisoners of war. The poor treatment of Soviet prisoners of war in Nazi camps is investigated in the context of international conventions that defined the status of prisoners of war. Without duplicating commonly known facts on the legal issues of military captivity, the author explores one of the subject’s most important aspects – issues related to the USSR’s joining international conventions on the rules for treatment of prisoners of war. The first section of the article is dedicated to a discussion in the highest military and diplomatic circles of Germany and certain neutral countries on the definition of the legal status of Eastern front prisoners of war. The second section focuses on the discussion of the issue of the USSR’s joining the 1907 Hague convention on “the Laws and Customs of War on Land”. As a result of an analysis of sources, the author comes to the conclusion that the main reason behind the poor treatment of Soviet and German prisoners of war lies in that the attitude towards Soviet prisoners of war was defined by the Nazi’s primary goal in the war against the USSR – a total annihilation of the Soviet Union.
In this article, the issue of the Great Patriotic War is concretized through the study of the history of Soviet prisoners of war. The poor treatment of Soviet prisoners of war in Nazi camps is investigated in the context of international conventions that defined the status of prisoners of war. Without duplicating commonly known facts on the legal issues of military captivity, the author explores one of the subject’s most important aspects – issues related to the USSR’s joining international conventions on the rules for treatment of prisoners of war. The first section of the article is dedicated to a discussion in the highest military and diplomatic circles of Germany and certain neutral countries on the definition of the legal status of Eastern front prisoners of war. The second section focuses on the discussion of the issue of the USSR’s joining the 1907 Hague convention on “the Laws and Customs of War on Land”. As a result of an analysis of sources, the author comes to the conclusion that the main reason behind the poor treatment of Soviet and German prisoners of war lies in that the attitude towards Soviet prisoners of war was defined by the Nazi’s primary goal in the war against the USSR – a total annihilation of the Soviet Union.
Number of views: 1380 Download in PDF
Economic Sciences
8. Mikhail N. Dudin, Nikolai V. Lyasnikov, Natal'ja T. Uspenskaja
Theoretical Aspects of Managing an Innovation Holding Company
Number of views: 1419 Download in PDF
9. Mikhail А. OstashkinAbstract:
Modern trends towards enlarging production and integration processes taking place not only in the national but in the global economy as well lead to the formation of entrepreneurial associations whose most common form in Russia and in the world is holdings. In the context of the development of the management theory, the problematics of managing integrated corporate structures have been examined by R. Koch, A. Thompson, and A.J. Strickland, and a number of other foreign theorists and practicians. In Russian economics literature, this area has been explored by A.R. Gorbunov, A.M. Petrov, S.M. Ishchenko, and others. The fact that there are numerous modern studies in this area indicates the topicality and significance of the subject of this study. The article examines the theoretical aspects of managing an innovation holding company in terms of vertically integrated management structures. The author conducts a comparative analysis of different types of integration structures. In addition, the article explores the characteristics of assessing the current synergy effect in consequence of the integration of companies. The study reveals that the strategic management of the corporate portfolio of a holding company based on synergism helps ensure higher returns on investment when there is a combination of companies as opposed to when they are managed separately
Modern trends towards enlarging production and integration processes taking place not only in the national but in the global economy as well lead to the formation of entrepreneurial associations whose most common form in Russia and in the world is holdings. In the context of the development of the management theory, the problematics of managing integrated corporate structures have been examined by R. Koch, A. Thompson, and A.J. Strickland, and a number of other foreign theorists and practicians. In Russian economics literature, this area has been explored by A.R. Gorbunov, A.M. Petrov, S.M. Ishchenko, and others. The fact that there are numerous modern studies in this area indicates the topicality and significance of the subject of this study. The article examines the theoretical aspects of managing an innovation holding company in terms of vertically integrated management structures. The author conducts a comparative analysis of different types of integration structures. In addition, the article explores the characteristics of assessing the current synergy effect in consequence of the integration of companies. The study reveals that the strategic management of the corporate portfolio of a holding company based on synergism helps ensure higher returns on investment when there is a combination of companies as opposed to when they are managed separately
Number of views: 1419 Download in PDF
Characteristics of the Economic Category of “Controlling” as a Factor to Streamlining the Management of Entrepreneurial Establishments
Number of views: 1408 Download in PDF
10. Olga V. Zabelina, Natalia V. BaidakovaAbstract:
Controlling is a complex structure that comprises rather diverse elements: setting goals; planning; reporting; control; analysis; managing information flows; working out recommendations for making managerial decisions. Information technology employed in controlling as a strategic tool for streamlining the management of entrepreneurial establishments within the national economic complex have found a wide use in many industries of the Russian economy in the last decade. The 2008 financial crisis, which is still going on, has made the objective to ensure the use of a modern scientific-methodological control base in the management of entrepreneurial establishments a top priority. Successful implementation of this objective is often enterprises’ ticket to survival. This article is very much topical, for issues dealing with the quest for effective ways of managing entrepreneurial establishments and administering control of their activity have substantial significance amid innovation development.
Controlling is a complex structure that comprises rather diverse elements: setting goals; planning; reporting; control; analysis; managing information flows; working out recommendations for making managerial decisions. Information technology employed in controlling as a strategic tool for streamlining the management of entrepreneurial establishments within the national economic complex have found a wide use in many industries of the Russian economy in the last decade. The 2008 financial crisis, which is still going on, has made the objective to ensure the use of a modern scientific-methodological control base in the management of entrepreneurial establishments a top priority. Successful implementation of this objective is often enterprises’ ticket to survival. This article is very much topical, for issues dealing with the quest for effective ways of managing entrepreneurial establishments and administering control of their activity have substantial significance amid innovation development.
Number of views: 1408 Download in PDF
Prognostic-Analytical Support for the Innovation Development of the Tver University and Region
Number of views: 1277 Download in PDF
Abstract:
This article examines a model for prognostic-analytical accompaniment of the innovation development of a regional university based on the creation of a forecast center of its own in its structure. The authors assess the strands and results of prognostic-analytical activity as part of a program for forming the university’s innovation infrastructure as well as working out and implementing a program for strategic development, which warrants a shift to integrated prognostic-analytical support for the university’s activity, which will facilitate the creation of a state-of-the-art model for managing the college. As of now, the ability to engage in systematic prognostic-analytical activity is becoming one of the university’s major competitive advantages. Original methodologies, technology, and analysis findings are a unique intellectual product sought after by the subjects of the regional economy and state and municipal authorities.
This article examines a model for prognostic-analytical accompaniment of the innovation development of a regional university based on the creation of a forecast center of its own in its structure. The authors assess the strands and results of prognostic-analytical activity as part of a program for forming the university’s innovation infrastructure as well as working out and implementing a program for strategic development, which warrants a shift to integrated prognostic-analytical support for the university’s activity, which will facilitate the creation of a state-of-the-art model for managing the college. As of now, the ability to engage in systematic prognostic-analytical activity is becoming one of the university’s major competitive advantages. Original methodologies, technology, and analysis findings are a unique intellectual product sought after by the subjects of the regional economy and state and municipal authorities.
Number of views: 1277 Download in PDF
Pedagogical Sciences
11. Roza R. Dauletalieva, Bakhyt E. Atymtaeva
Fostering Methodological Competence in Future Professional Learning Instructors based on Module-Competence Technology
Number of views: 1382 Download in PDF
12. Janat A. Karmanova, Rauana B. Mazhenova, Anel K. Iskazhimova, Saniya Y. Suleymenova, Rakhat B. SatybaldinaAbstract:
This article brings to light the significance and place of methodological competence in the structure of the professional pedagogical competence of future professional learning instructors. The structural components of methodological competence are presented as an integrative trait of the instructor’s personality, which manifests itself in one’s social-pedagogical needs.
This article brings to light the significance and place of methodological competence in the structure of the professional pedagogical competence of future professional learning instructors. The structural components of methodological competence are presented as an integrative trait of the instructor’s personality, which manifests itself in one’s social-pedagogical needs.
Number of views: 1382 Download in PDF
Health Promotion Technology in the Education Process
Number of views: 1352 Download in PDF
13. Nataliya A. LitvinovaAbstract:
This article examines the issue of implementing health promotion technology in the education environment. The major objectives of modern schools: fostering a healthy personality oriented towards a healthy lifestyle; putting together an education and bringing-up process that will not harm the child’s health; using all available means of children’s health protection and development at school. The quality of education can be achieved only through creating certain conditions directed towards preserving and strengthening students’ health. All this requires that instructors employ special approaches in the education/bringing-up process, which are predicated on health promotion principles. Having conducted our analysis, we came to the conclusion that knowledge on preserving and developing health is an important component of the professional competence of a modern teacher, who ought to command a broad spectrum of health promotion educational technology to be able to pick from them those that will ensure the success of a particular student in particular conditions.
This article examines the issue of implementing health promotion technology in the education environment. The major objectives of modern schools: fostering a healthy personality oriented towards a healthy lifestyle; putting together an education and bringing-up process that will not harm the child’s health; using all available means of children’s health protection and development at school. The quality of education can be achieved only through creating certain conditions directed towards preserving and strengthening students’ health. All this requires that instructors employ special approaches in the education/bringing-up process, which are predicated on health promotion principles. Having conducted our analysis, we came to the conclusion that knowledge on preserving and developing health is an important component of the professional competence of a modern teacher, who ought to command a broad spectrum of health promotion educational technology to be able to pick from them those that will ensure the success of a particular student in particular conditions.
Number of views: 1352 Download in PDF
Arrangement of Social-Pedagogical Preventive Measures against Drug Abuse by At-Risk Teenagers at General-Education School
Number of views: 1209 Download in PDF
Abstract:
This article examines the characteristics of arranging social-pedagogical preventive measures against drug abuse by at-risk teenagers at general-education schools. The author analyzes the parameters and characteristics of a teenager’s personality. Based on the data obtained in the study, the author brings to light methods for the diagnosis of at-risk teenagers as well as the latest forms of arranging interaction with this group of children.
This article examines the characteristics of arranging social-pedagogical preventive measures against drug abuse by at-risk teenagers at general-education schools. The author analyzes the parameters and characteristics of a teenager’s personality. Based on the data obtained in the study, the author brings to light methods for the diagnosis of at-risk teenagers as well as the latest forms of arranging interaction with this group of children.
Number of views: 1209 Download in PDF
Geosciences
14. Elizbar Sh. Elizbarashvili, Nato B. Kutaladze, Ina Keggenhoff, Mariam E. Elizbarashvili, Bagrat M. Kikvadze, Nano M. Gogia
Climate Indices for the Moistening Regimen in the Territory of Georgia amidst Global Warming
Number of views: 1383 Download in PDF
15. Andrei V. Kulakov, Ksenia S. MongalevaAbstract:
Based on the observation materials from 50 weather stations in Georgia for the period of 1936–2011, this article explores climate indices for the moistening regimen – the mean of maximum 24-hour precipitation, rainless and rainy periods. The author constructs geo-information maps for the spatial structure and explores the dynamics of these indices for the period of global warming, assesses the possible risks of the development of adverse climate conditions (high waters, floods, droughts, desertification). The obtained findings can be used in the summation of corresponding indices for the Caucasus region, the Black Sea area, and Western Asia.
Based on the observation materials from 50 weather stations in Georgia for the period of 1936–2011, this article explores climate indices for the moistening regimen – the mean of maximum 24-hour precipitation, rainless and rainy periods. The author constructs geo-information maps for the spatial structure and explores the dynamics of these indices for the period of global warming, assesses the possible risks of the development of adverse climate conditions (high waters, floods, droughts, desertification). The obtained findings can be used in the summation of corresponding indices for the Caucasus region, the Black Sea area, and Western Asia.
Number of views: 1383 Download in PDF
The Role of Peasant (Farm) Holdings in the Agricultural Industry of Yaroslavl Region
Number of views: 1329 Download in PDF
16. Abstract:
This article brings to light the role of peasant (farm) holdings, stages in their formation and development. The author provides a characterization of farm holdings as an effective form of agricultural production in Russia. The article looks into the characteristics and dynamics of the development of peasant (farm) holdings in the region over the period of 2000 – 2012.
This article brings to light the role of peasant (farm) holdings, stages in their formation and development. The author provides a characterization of farm holdings as an effective form of agricultural production in Russia. The article looks into the characteristics and dynamics of the development of peasant (farm) holdings in the region over the period of 2000 – 2012.
Number of views: 1329 Download in PDF